Kidney Patients Advice How to Revive a Fistula

For those who have suffered a kidney failure, dialysis provides a new lease of life. During dialysis, the blood from a patient’s body is taken to a machine, cleaned and returned. The machine functions as an artificial kidney and the process of dialysis generally takes about four hours.

The most popular way of doing dialysis is through the AV Fistula, where an artery, particularly in the forearm, is connected to a vein. After the fistula is created, the patient goes through hemo-dialysis, where the blood is removed from the body through a needle and returned through another needle after cleaning. In other words, the Fistula functions as a life-line for patients.

The dialysis has to ensure that the amount of blood cleaned during the hemo-dialysis is up to the required volume. To enable this, the vascular access should allow continuous high volumes of blood flow. There are occasions when the Fistula may fail to do so. To prevent this, one has to take proper care of the Fistula.

How to ensure that this does not happen? Or, what steps can one take when it does happen. Firstly, as soon as a Fistula is made, the patient should be advised to visit the vascular/interventional radiology department of the hospital to have a check. This is done through Ultrasound Doppler to examine how the Fistula is functioning and maturing.

Patients should also go for a regular check of the Fistula by Doppler when they are on maintenance hemo-dialysis Pre- and post-operative evaluation of the upper extremity veins and arteries with duplex ultrasound is a useful adjunct to physical examination to help the Fistula to keep functioning efficiently.

The role that duplex ultrasound plays as part of a surveillance programme is very valuable, as this modality allows identification and localization of abnormalities which may potentially threaten access function and patency. Identification and correction of access abnormalities at early stages definitely improves longevity and function of the Fistula.

Understanding the information gained through Doppler evaluation is a complex problem. It should be performed by an expert who generally treats the problem. Timely action by an endovascular specialist would help in saving the Fistula.